本节引言:

本节给大家带来基础UI控件部分的最后一个控件:DrawerLayout,官方给我们提供的一个侧滑菜单 控件,和上一节的ViewPager一样,3.0以后引入,低版本使用它,需要v4兼容包,说到侧滑,相信 很多人都用过github上的SlidingMenu,不过好像有两个版本,一个是单独的,另一个需要依赖另一 个开源项目:ActionBarSherlock;既然Google为我们提供了这个控件,为何不用咧,而且在 Material Design设计规范中,随处可见的很多侧滑菜单的动画效果,大都可以通过Toolbar + DrawerLayout来实现~,本节我们就来探究下这个DrawerLayout的一个基本用法~还有人喜欢把他 称为抽屉控件~官方文档:DrawerLayout


1.使用的注意事项

  • 1.主内容视图一定要是DrawerLayout的第一个子视图
  • 2.主内容视图宽度和高度需要match_parent
  • 3.必须显示指定侧滑视图的android:layout_gravity属性 android:layout_gravity = "start"时,从左向右滑出菜单 android:layout_gravity = "end"时,从右向左滑出菜单 不推荐使用left和right!!!
  • 侧滑视图的宽度以dp为单位,不建议超过320dp(为了总能看到一些主内容视图)
  • 设置侧滑事件:mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(DrawerLayout.DrawerListener);
  • 要说一点:可以结合Actionbar使用当用户点击Actionbar上的应用图标,弹出侧滑菜单! 这里就要通过ActionBarDrawerToggle,它是DrawerLayout.DrawerListener的具体实现类, 我们可以重写ActionBarDrawerToggle的onDrawerOpened()和onDrawerClosed()以监听抽屉拉出 或隐藏事件!但是这里我们不讲,因为5.0后我们使用的是Toolbar!有兴趣的可以自行查阅相关 文档!

2.使用代码示例


示例1:单个侧滑菜单的实现

运行效果图

实现关键代码

首先是我们的主布局,注意:最外层要是DrawerLayout哦!!!!

activity_main.xml

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/ly_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_left_drawer"
        android:layout_width="180dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:background="#080808"
        android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
        android:divider="#FFFFFF"
        android:dividerHeight="1dp" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

接着ListView的布局代码和domain类:Item比较简单,就不给出了,直接上中间Fragment的 布局以及代码吧!另外Adapter直接复用我们之前写的那个可复用的MyAdapter!

fg_content.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:textSize="25sp" />

</RelativeLayout>

ContentFragment.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/8 0008.
 */
public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {

    private TextView tv_content;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content, container, false);
        tv_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
        String text = getArguments().getString("text");
        tv_content.setText(text);
        return view;
    }
}   

最后是我们的Activity类

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;
    private ListView list_left_drawer;
    private ArrayList<Item> menuLists;
    private MyAdapter<Item> myAdapter = null;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        drawer_layout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        list_left_drawer = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_left_drawer);

        menuLists = new ArrayList<Item>();
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_realtime,"实时信息"));
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_alert,"提醒通知"));
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_trace,"活动路线"));
        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_settings,"相关设置"));
        myAdapter = new MyAdapter<Item>(menuLists,R.layout.item_list) {
            @Override
            public void bindView(ViewHolder holder, Item obj) {
                holder.setImageResource(R.id.img_icon,obj.getIconId());
                holder.setText(R.id.txt_content, obj.getIconName());
            }
        };
        list_left_drawer.setAdapter(myAdapter);
        list_left_drawer.setOnItemClickListener(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        ContentFragment contentFragment = new ContentFragment();
        Bundle args = new Bundle();
        args.putString("text", menuLists.get(position).getIconName());
        contentFragment.setArguments(args);
        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
        fm.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.ly_content,contentFragment).commit();
        drawer_layout.closeDrawer(list_left_drawer);
    }
}

代码很简单,就不多说了~


示例2.左右两个侧滑菜单的实现

嗯,不知道你有没有发现,从上面的DrawerLayout的布局,我们大概可以猜到,DrawerLayout 最多由三个部分组成,中间的内容部分,左边的侧滑菜单部分,右边的侧滑菜单部分组成! 下面我们来写一个带有两个侧滑菜单的示例!

运行效果图

代码实现

首先我们创建两个Fragment以及对应的布局,他们分别是左右侧滑菜单!

左边Fragment

布局:fg_left.xml,这里就用了一个图片而以,点击后弹出一个新的Activity; 当然你可以根据自己的需求进行扩展!

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/img_bg"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="@mipmap/bg_menu_left"/>

</LinearLayout>

对应的LeftFragment.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/9 0009.
 */
public class LeftFragment extends Fragment{

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_left, container, false);
        ImageView img_bg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.img_bg);
        img_bg.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                getActivity().startActivity(new Intent(getActivity(),OtherActivity.class));
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.START);
            }
        });
        return view;
    }

    //暴露给Activity,用于传入DrawerLayout,因为点击后想关掉DrawerLayout
    public void setDrawerLayout(DrawerLayout drawer_layout){
        this.drawer_layout = drawer_layout;
    }
}

右面的Fragment

布局就三个按钮,点击后替换中间部分的Fragment,布局fg_right.xml代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#2F9AF2"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_one"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="菜单项一" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_two"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="菜单项二" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_three"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="菜单项三" />

</LinearLayout>

然后对应的是RightFragment.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/9 0009.
 */
public class RightFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener{

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;
    private FragmentManager fManager;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_right, container, false);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_one).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_two).setOnClickListener(this);
        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_three).setOnClickListener(this);
        fManager = getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager();
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_one:
                ContentFragment cFragment1 = new ContentFragment("1.点击了右侧菜单项一",R.color.blue);
                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment1).commit();
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_two:
                ContentFragment cFragment2 = new ContentFragment("2.点击了右侧菜单项二",R.color.red);
                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment2).commit();
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_three:
                ContentFragment cFragment3 = new ContentFragment("3.点击了右侧菜单项三",R.color.yellow);
                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment3).commit();
                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);
                break;
        }
    }

    public void setDrawerLayout(DrawerLayout drawer_layout){
        this.drawer_layout = drawer_layout;
    }

}

另外还有一个中间部分填充的ContentFragment,布局:fg_content.xml如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_content"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:textSize="25sp" />

</RelativeLayout>

ContentFragment.java

public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {

    private TextView tv_content;
    private String strContent;
    private int bgColor;

    public ContentFragment(String strContent,int bgColor) {
        this.strContent = strContent;
        this.bgColor = bgColor;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content, container, false);
        view.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(bgColor));
        tv_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
        tv_content.setText(strContent);
        return view;
    }
}

编写好以后,就到我们的Activity的布局了以及Activity的代码了: 在此之前我们还需要些一个顶部条形栏的布局:

view_topbar.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="#DCDEDB">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_right"
        android:layout_width="40dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor"/>

</RelativeLayout>

然后是activity_main.xml

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <include
            android:id="@+id/topbar"
            layout="@layout/view_topbar"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="48dp" />

        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@+id/fly_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fg_left_menu"
        android:name="jay.com.drawerlayoutdemo2.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="300dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:tag="LEFT"
        tools:layout="@layout/fg_left" />

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fg_right_menu"
        android:name="jay.com.drawerlayoutdemo2.RightFragment"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="end"
        android:tag="RIGHT"
        tools:layout="@layout/fg_right" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>  

最后是MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;
    private FrameLayout fly_content;
    private View topbar;
    private Button btn_right;
    private RightFragment fg_right_menu;
    private LeftFragment fg_left_menu;
    private FragmentManager fManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        fManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        fg_right_menu = (RightFragment) fManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fg_right_menu);
        fg_left_menu = (LeftFragment) fManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fg_left_menu);
        initViews();
    }

    private void initViews() {
        drawer_layout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        fly_content = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.fly_content);
        topbar = findViewById(R.id.topbar);
        btn_right = (Button) topbar.findViewById(R.id.btn_right);
        btn_right.setOnClickListener(this);

        //设置右面的侧滑菜单只能通过编程来打开
        drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED,
                Gravity.END);

        drawer_layout.setDrawerListener(new DrawerLayout.DrawerListener() {
            @Override
            public void onDrawerSlide(View view, float v) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerOpened(View view) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {
                drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(
                        DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED, Gravity.END);
            }

            @Override
            public void onDrawerStateChanged(int i) {

            }
        });

        fg_right_menu.setDrawerLayout(drawer_layout);
        fg_left_menu.setDrawerLayout(drawer_layout);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        drawer_layout.openDrawer(Gravity.RIGHT);
        drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_UNLOCKED,
                Gravity.END);    //解除锁定
    }
}

好的,至此就大功告成了~,呼呼,下面说下看代码时可能会有的疑惑:

  • 1. drawer_layout.openDrawer(Gravity.END);
    这句是设置打开的哪个菜单START代表左边,END代表右边
  • 2. drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED,Gravity.END); 锁定右面的侧滑菜单,不能通过手势关闭或者打开,只能通过代码打开!即调用openDrawer方法! 接着 drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_UNLOCKED,Gravity.END); 解除锁定状态,即可以通过手势关闭侧滑菜单 最后在drawer关闭的时候调用: drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED, Gravity.END); 再次锁定右边的侧滑菜单!
  • 3. 布局代码中的Tag属性的作用? 答:这里没用到,在重写DrawerListener的onDrawerSlide方法时,我们可以通过他的第一个 参数drawerView,调用drawerView.getTag().equals("START")判断触发菜单事件的是哪个 菜单!然后可以进行对应的操作!

3.代码示例下载

DrawerLayoutDemo.zip

DrawerLayoutDemo2.zip


本节小结:

好的,本节给大家介绍了官方的侧滑控件DrawerLayout的基本用法,使用起来非常的方便! 当然这里仅仅是简单的使用演示,另外看到弘扬大神写过一篇: Android DrawerLayout 高仿QQ5.2双向侧滑菜单 有兴趣可以看看,如果看完本节的内容,相信你看起来不会怎么吃力~好的!

本节就到这里,跟UI控件这一章说拜拜了~下一章我们开始绘图与动画了, 为我们进阶部分的自定义控件系列打基础!